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Asked by topquestionsfromchat to Beaver, Canada Goose, Cirl Bunting, Danish Scurvygrass, Fen Raft Spider, Cyanobacterium, Pill Millipede, Small Red-eyed Damselfly, Tree Lichen on 21 Nov 2017.
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Canada Goose answered on 21 Nov 2017:
The determinant for how expensive it would be to sequence a genome is how big is the genome. Many plants have larger genomes than mammals and therefore cost more to sequence.
Take a look here to see the relative sizes of genomes:
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genome_size
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Small Red-eyed Damselfy answered on 22 Nov 2017:
what Canada goose says is right, it depends of how big the genome of the organism is. for example in 2014 they found that the largest genome so far belongs to a Locust (Locusta migratoria),a kind of grasshopper that measures between 40-60 cm, another species with big genome is Amoeba dubia a microscopic organism!!! so you don’t need to be big to have a big genome.
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Pill Millipede answered on 22 Nov 2017:
I agree with both Canada Goose and Small Red-eyed Damselfly that it depends on the genome rather than the size of the species. However the cost of sequencing is also down to the method of sequencing older sequencing methods tend to be more expensive than newer methods such as next-generation sequencing as technology become more efficient and cheaper.
You can find more information about sequencing methods at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_sequencing -
Tree Lichen answered on 22 Nov 2017:
Very good question! Using the techniques offered by the 25 genome project this should not prove an obstacle. PacBio technique can produce sequencing data over 3 million base pairs in length while illumine gives 200 base reads at very high coverage so that over-lapping sequences can be joined. Combining both sets of data together should enable all the component organisms to have the genomes completed. It would require computer biologists (bioinformatics specialists) to enable this data to be fully analysed along with specialists in Lichen biology and molecular biology.
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Danish Scurvygrass answered on 24 Nov 2017:
I think that there are parts when answering this question. The first part related to cost is how large is the genome itself. So as Danish Scurvygrass is a hexaploid, so there are 6 copies of each chromosome, and there are 7 chromosomes, giving a total of 46 chromosomes in total. So the genome is quite complex in its organisation.
So this relates to the analysis of the sequenced genome, or how we make sense of the genes if there are upto 6 copies of each gene. This is why we use computational power for the genome analysis. So the final cost is related both to doing the sequencing itself, and crucially doing the resulting analysis to make sense of the genes themselves.
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Comments
Tree Lichen commented on :
As a generalisation, the techniques offered by the 25 genome project means that any chosen organism will be sequenced to a standard that is the highest available even if, as in the case of a Lichen, this could be at least two genomes (that of the fungi and its photosynthetic partner).
The standard will be higher then that achieved via the Human genome projects as the technology is now far better. The idea, as I understand it, is that ALL chosen genomes will have a high level of gene annotation also to identify gene function where possible…